33 REFRAMING LEADERSHIP symbolic modeling’s effects with socially isolated children exposed to videos of preschool children with first-person self-speech and third-person narrative.24 Results found social interaction within the self-speech treatment group had a significant increase (p < .01) from pretreatment to post-treatment and from pretreatment to follow-up, while third person narrative showed a significant increase from pretreatment to follow-up (p < .01).25 Conclusion The results suggest that exposure to introverted leader archetypes can enhance introverts’ confidence and motivation to lead, countering the extrovert ideal— particularly among younger or less experienced individuals. Organizations can leverage such interventions to diversify leadership pipelines, ensuring introverts are not overlooked. By highlighting successful introverted leaders, firms can challenge biases and foster inclusive leadership development. Further, symbolic modeling, through visual media can transmit leadership behaviors, supporting vicarious learning for introverts. Notes 1 Amanda Carnes, Jeffery D. Houghton, and Christopher N. Ellison, “What Matters Most in Leader Selection? The Role of Personality and Implicit Leadership Theories,” Leadership & Organization Development Journal 36, no. 4 (2015): 360–39, https://doi. org/10.1108/LODJ-06-2013-0087. 2 Elena Botelho, Kim Powell, and Tahl Raz, The CEO Next Door (New York, NY: Crown Currency, 2018). 3 Andrea Bobbio and Anna M. Manganelli, “Leadership Self-Efficacy Scale: A New Multidimensional Instrument,” TPM–Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology 16, no. 1 (2009): 3–24. 4 Kim Y. Chan and Fritz Drasgow, “Toward a Theory of Individual Differences and Leadership: Understanding the Motivation to Lead,” Journal of Applied Psychology 86, no. 3 (2001): 481–98, https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.481.
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