49 14 Martin Niemöller, From U-Boat to Pulpit (London, England: William Hodge and Company, 1936), 214. 15 Günter Gaus, “Martin Niemöller—from Follower to Resistance Fighter - ZDFmediathek” (ZDF-Gesprächsreihe, 1963), https://www.zdf.de/ dokumentation/zur-person/martin-niemoeller-zeitgeschichte-archiv-zurperson-gaus-100.html, 02:25 [quote], 0:42, 11:30. 16 Franz Hildebrandt, Pastor Niemöller and His Creed, trans. Margaret Blunt (London, England: Hodder & Stoughton, 1939), 44, says Niemöller commonly thought and spoke in military terms. 17 John Keegan, The Second World War (New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2005), 32-34. 18 Shelley Baranowski, “Consent and Dissent: The Confessing Church and Conservative Opposition to National Socialism,” The Journal of Modern History 59, no. 1 (January 17, 1987): 55; Todd H. Weir, “Hitler’s Worldview and the Interwar Kulturkampf,” Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 620-21. 19 Baranowski, “Consent and Dissent," 61. 20 Doris L Bergen, “‘Germany Is Our Mission: Christ Is Our Strength!’ The Wehrmacht Chaplaincy and the ‘German Christian’ Movement,” Church History 66, no. 3 (January 17, 1997): 522-23. 21 Hockenos, Then They Came for Me, 93; Martin Niemöller, “Circular Letter by Niemöller, 21 September 1933,” in Peter Matheson, The Third Reich and the Christian Churches (Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1981), 36-37. 22 Ernst Christian Helmreich, The German Churches under Hitler: Background, Struggle, and Epilogue (Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 1979), 147; Benjamin Ziemann, Hitler’s Personal Prisoner: The Life of Martin Niemöller (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2023), 133. 23 Sigrid Schultz, “Fighting Pastor Defies Hitler’s Church Dictator,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 5, 1934, 7. 24 Ernst C. Helmreich, “The Nature and Structure of the Confessing Church In Germany Under Hitler,” Journal of Church and State 12, no. 3 (January 17, 1970): CHARACTER FORGED IN ADVERSITY
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